A Brief History of Lithium Research

The first 1 of lithium ore, lithium-permeable feldspar , was discovered by Brazilians (Jozé Bonifácio de Andralda e Silva) on a Swedish island called Utö in the 1890 s. When it is thrown into a fire, it emits a strong dark red flame, and Arfvedson Johan August of Stockholm analyzed it and concluded that it contained a previously unknown metal, which he called lithium. He realized that it was the 1 new alkali metal element. However, unlike sodium, he failed to separate it electrolytically. In William 1821, Brande electrolyzed a trace amount of lithium, but this was not enough for experimental use. It was not until 1855 that German chemist Robert Bunsen and British chemist Augustus Matthiessen electrolytic lithium chloride to obtain large pieces of lithium. The English word for lithium is Lithium, derived from the Greek lithos, meaning "stone". The first syllable of Lithos is pronounced "li". Because it is metal, add the head "Hydrazin" on the left ". The content of lithium in the earth's crust is much less than that of potassium and sodium, and its compounds are rare, which is the inevitable factor that it was discovered later than potassium and sodium. In the second year of lithium's discovery, it was re-analyzed by French chemist Vocelm.

Lithium, atomic number 3, atomic weight 6.941, is the lightest alkali metal element. The name of the element comes from the Greek, which means "stone". It was discovered in 1817 by a Swedish scientist, Averweicong, while analyzing a lithium feldspar mine. The main lithium minerals in nature are spodumene, lepidolite, petalite and phosphorus and so on. Lithium is found in human and animal bodies, soil and mineral water, cocoa powder, tobacco leaves, and seaweed. Natural lithium has two isotopes: lithium -6 and lithium -7.
Lithium metal is a silver light metal; melting point of 180.54°C, boiling point of 1342°C, density of 0.534 g/cm, hardness of 0.6. Lithium metal is soluble in liquid ammonia. Lithium, unlike other alkali metals, reacts slowly with water at room temperature, but can react with nitrogen to produce black 1 lithium nitride 3 crystals. The weak acid salts of lithium are hardly soluble in water. Among alkali metal chlorides, only lithium chloride is readily soluble in organic solvents. The flame of the volatile salts of lithium is dark red, which can be used to identify lithium. Lithium is easily combined with oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, etc., and can be used as a deoxidizer in the metallurgical industry. Lithium can also be used as a component of lead-based alloys and light alloys such as beryllium, magnesium, and aluminum. Lithium has important applications in the atomic energy industry.
In August 2018, a scientific research team led by the National Astronomical Observatory of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, relying on the large scientific device Guo Shoujing Telescope (LAMOST), discovered 1 strange celestial body. Its lithium content is about 3000 times that of similar celestial bodies, and its absolute lithium abundance is as high as 4.51. The star with the highest known lithium abundance. This important astronomical discovery was published online in the international scientific journal Nature Astronomy (Nature Astronomy) in the early morning of August 7, Beijing time.